Mention ‘SAMtools’ in libbam-dev's description, to make it easier to find with apt...
[samtools.git] / bam_plcmd.c
index ba787a98bd78726503f48af1fd16582d89a357dd..cbf6ae8c13754be0c441b311eb14dfb9f04452a3 100644 (file)
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include "sam.h"
 #include "faidx.h"
-#include "bam_maqcns.h"
-#include "khash.h"
-#include "glf.h"
 #include "kstring.h"
 
-typedef int *indel_list_t;
-KHASH_MAP_INIT_INT64(64, indel_list_t)
+static inline int printw(int c, FILE *fp)
+{
+       char buf[16];
+       int l, x;
+       if (c == 0) return fputc('0', fp);
+       for (l = 0, x = c < 0? -c : c; x > 0; x /= 10) buf[l++] = x%10 + '0';
+       if (c < 0) buf[l++] = '-';
+       buf[l] = 0;
+       for (x = 0; x < l/2; ++x) {
+               int y = buf[x]; buf[x] = buf[l-1-x]; buf[l-1-x] = y;
+       }
+       fputs(buf, fp);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void pileup_seq(const bam_pileup1_t *p, int pos, int ref_len, const char *ref)
+{
+       int j;
+       if (p->is_head) {
+               putchar('^');
+               putchar(p->b->core.qual > 93? 126 : p->b->core.qual + 33);
+       }
+       if (!p->is_del) {
+               int c = bam_nt16_rev_table[bam1_seqi(bam1_seq(p->b), p->qpos)];
+               if (ref) {
+                       int rb = pos < ref_len? ref[pos] : 'N';
+                       if (c == '=' || bam_nt16_table[c] == bam_nt16_table[rb]) c = bam1_strand(p->b)? ',' : '.';
+                       else c = bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c);
+               } else {
+                       if (c == '=') c = bam1_strand(p->b)? ',' : '.';
+                       else c = bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c);
+               }
+               putchar(c);
+       } else putchar(p->is_refskip? (bam1_strand(p->b)? '<' : '>') : '*');
+       if (p->indel > 0) {
+               putchar('+'); printw(p->indel, stdout);
+               for (j = 1; j <= p->indel; ++j) {
+                       int c = bam_nt16_rev_table[bam1_seqi(bam1_seq(p->b), p->qpos + j)];
+                       putchar(bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c));
+               }
+       } else if (p->indel < 0) {
+               printw(p->indel, stdout);
+               for (j = 1; j <= -p->indel; ++j) {
+                       int c = (ref && (int)pos+j < ref_len)? ref[pos+j] : 'N';
+                       putchar(bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c));
+               }
+       }
+       if (p->is_tail) putchar('$');
+}
 
-#define BAM_PLF_SIMPLE     0x01
-#define BAM_PLF_CNS        0x02
-#define BAM_PLF_INDEL_ONLY 0x04
-#define BAM_PLF_GLF        0x08
-#define BAM_PLF_VAR_ONLY   0x10
-#define BAM_PLF_2ND        0x20
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "bam2bcf.h"
+#include "sample.h"
+
+#define MPLP_GLF   0x10
+#define MPLP_NO_COMP 0x20
+#define MPLP_NO_ORPHAN 0x40
+#define MPLP_REALN   0x80
+#define MPLP_FMT_DP 0x100
+#define MPLP_FMT_SP 0x200
+#define MPLP_NO_INDEL 0x400
+#define MPLP_EXT_BAQ 0x800
+#define MPLP_ILLUMINA13 0x1000
+#define MPLP_IGNORE_RG 0x2000
+#define MPLP_PRINT_POS 0x4000
+#define MPLP_PRINT_MAPQ 0x8000
+
+void *bed_read(const char *fn);
+void bed_destroy(void *_h);
+int bed_overlap(const void *_h, const char *chr, int beg, int end);
 
 typedef struct {
-       bam_header_t *h;
-       bam_maqcns_t *c;
-       bam_maqindel_opt_t *ido;
+       int max_mq, min_mq, flag, min_baseQ, capQ_thres, max_depth, max_indel_depth;
+       int openQ, extQ, tandemQ, min_support; // for indels
+       double min_frac; // for indels
+       char *reg, *pl_list;
        faidx_t *fai;
-       khash_t(64) *hash;
-       uint32_t format;
-       int tid, len, last_pos;
-       int mask;
+       void *bed, *rghash;
+} mplp_conf_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+       bamFile fp;
+       bam_iter_t iter;
+       bam_header_t *h;
+       int ref_id;
        char *ref;
-       glfFile fp_glf; // for glf output only
-} pu_data_t;
+       const mplp_conf_t *conf;
+} mplp_aux_t;
 
-char **__bam_get_lines(const char *fn, int *_n);
-void bam_init_header_hash(bam_header_t *header);
-int32_t bam_get_tid(const bam_header_t *header, const char *seq_name);
+typedef struct {
+       int n;
+       int *n_plp, *m_plp;
+       bam_pileup1_t **plp;
+} mplp_pileup_t;
 
-static khash_t(64) *load_pos(const char *fn, bam_header_t *h)
+static int mplp_func(void *data, bam1_t *b)
 {
-       char **list;
-       int i, j, n, *fields, max_fields;
-       khash_t(64) *hash;
-       bam_init_header_hash(h);
-       list = __bam_get_lines(fn, &n);
-       hash = kh_init(64);
-       max_fields = 0; fields = 0;
-       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-               char *str = list[i];
-               int chr, n_fields, ret;
-               khint_t k;
-               uint64_t x;
-               n_fields = ksplit_core(str, 0, &max_fields, &fields);
-               if (n_fields < 2) continue;
-               chr = bam_get_tid(h, str + fields[0]);
-               if (chr < 0) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "[load_pos] unknown reference sequence name: %s\n", str + fields[0]);
+       extern int bam_realn(bam1_t *b, const char *ref);
+       extern int bam_prob_realn_core(bam1_t *b, const char *ref, int);
+       extern int bam_cap_mapQ(bam1_t *b, char *ref, int thres);
+       mplp_aux_t *ma = (mplp_aux_t*)data;
+       int ret, skip = 0;
+       do {
+               int has_ref;
+               ret = ma->iter? bam_iter_read(ma->fp, ma->iter, b) : bam_read1(ma->fp, b);
+               if (ret < 0) break;
+               if (b->core.tid < 0 || (b->core.flag&BAM_FUNMAP)) { // exclude unmapped reads
+                       skip = 1;
                        continue;
                }
-               x = (uint64_t)chr << 32 | (atoi(str + fields[1]) - 1);
-               k = kh_put(64, hash, x, &ret);
-               if (ret == 0) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "[load_pos] position %s:%s has been loaded.\n", str+fields[0], str+fields[1]);
-                       continue;
+               if (ma->conf->bed) { // test overlap
+                       skip = !bed_overlap(ma->conf->bed, ma->h->target_name[b->core.tid], b->core.pos, bam_calend(&b->core, bam1_cigar(b)));
+                       if (skip) continue;
                }
-               kh_val(hash, k) = 0;
-               if (n_fields > 2) {
-                       // count
-                       for (j = 2; j < n_fields; ++j) {
-                               char *s = str + fields[j];
-                               if ((*s != '+' && *s != '-') || !isdigit(s[1])) break;
-                       }
-                       if (j > 2) { // update kh_val()
-                               int *q, y, z;
-                               q = kh_val(hash, k) = (int*)calloc(j - 1, sizeof(int));
-                               q[0] = j - 2; z = j; y = 1;
-                               for (j = 2; j < z; ++j)
-                                       q[y++] = atoi(str + fields[j]);
-                       }
+               if (ma->conf->rghash) { // exclude read groups
+                       uint8_t *rg = bam_aux_get(b, "RG");
+                       skip = (rg && bcf_str2id(ma->conf->rghash, (const char*)(rg+1)) >= 0);
+                       if (skip) continue;
                }
-               free(str);
-       }
-       free(list); free(fields);
-       return hash;
+               if (ma->conf->flag & MPLP_ILLUMINA13) {
+                       int i;
+                       uint8_t *qual = bam1_qual(b);
+                       for (i = 0; i < b->core.l_qseq; ++i)
+                               qual[i] = qual[i] > 31? qual[i] - 31 : 0;
+               }
+               has_ref = (ma->ref && ma->ref_id == b->core.tid)? 1 : 0;
+               skip = 0;
+               if (has_ref && (ma->conf->flag&MPLP_REALN)) bam_prob_realn_core(b, ma->ref, (ma->conf->flag & MPLP_EXT_BAQ)? 3 : 1);
+               if (has_ref && ma->conf->capQ_thres > 10) {
+                       int q = bam_cap_mapQ(b, ma->ref, ma->conf->capQ_thres);
+                       if (q < 0) skip = 1;
+                       else if (b->core.qual > q) b->core.qual = q;
+               }
+               else if (b->core.qual < ma->conf->min_mq) skip = 1; 
+               else if ((ma->conf->flag&MPLP_NO_ORPHAN) && (b->core.flag&1) && !(b->core.flag&2)) skip = 1;
+       } while (skip);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-// an analogy to pileup_func() below
-static int glt3_func(uint32_t tid, uint32_t pos, int n, const bam_pileup1_t *pu, void *data)
+static void group_smpl(mplp_pileup_t *m, bam_sample_t *sm, kstring_t *buf,
+                                          int n, char *const*fn, int *n_plp, const bam_pileup1_t **plp, int ignore_rg)
 {
-       pu_data_t *d = (pu_data_t*)data;
-       bam_maqindel_ret_t *r = 0;
-       int rb, *proposed_indels = 0;
-       glf1_t *g;
-       glf3_t *g3;
-
-       if (d->fai == 0) {
-               fprintf(stderr, "[glt3_func] reference sequence is required for generating GLT. Abort!\n");
-               exit(1);
-       }
-       if (d->hash) { // only output a list of sites
-               khint_t k = kh_get(64, d->hash, (uint64_t)tid<<32|pos);
-               if (k == kh_end(d->hash)) return 0;
-               proposed_indels = kh_val(d->hash, k);
-       }
-       g3 = glf3_init1();
-       if (d->fai && (int)tid != d->tid) {
-               if (d->ref) { // then write the end mark
-                       g3->rtype = GLF3_RTYPE_END;
-                       glf3_write1(d->fp_glf, g3);
+       int i, j;
+       memset(m->n_plp, 0, m->n * sizeof(int));
+       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               for (j = 0; j < n_plp[i]; ++j) {
+                       const bam_pileup1_t *p = plp[i] + j;
+                       uint8_t *q;
+                       int id = -1;
+                       q = ignore_rg? 0 : bam_aux_get(p->b, "RG");
+                       if (q) id = bam_smpl_rg2smid(sm, fn[i], (char*)q+1, buf);
+                       if (id < 0) id = bam_smpl_rg2smid(sm, fn[i], 0, buf);
+                       if (id < 0 || id >= m->n) {
+                               assert(q); // otherwise a bug
+                               fprintf(stderr, "[%s] Read group %s used in file %s but absent from the header or an alignment missing read group.\n", __func__, (char*)q+1, fn[i]);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       if (m->n_plp[id] == m->m_plp[id]) {
+                               m->m_plp[id] = m->m_plp[id]? m->m_plp[id]<<1 : 8;
+                               m->plp[id] = realloc(m->plp[id], sizeof(bam_pileup1_t) * m->m_plp[id]);
+                       }
+                       m->plp[id][m->n_plp[id]++] = *p;
                }
-               glf3_ref_write(d->fp_glf, d->h->target_name[tid], d->h->target_len[tid]); // write reference
-               free(d->ref);
-               d->ref = fai_fetch(d->fai, d->h->target_name[tid], &d->len);
-               d->tid = tid;
-               d->last_pos = 0;
-       }
-       rb = (d->ref && (int)pos < d->len)? d->ref[pos] : 'N';
-       g = bam_maqcns_glfgen(n, pu, bam_nt16_table[rb], d->c);
-       memcpy(g3, g, sizeof(glf1_t));
-       g3->rtype = GLF3_RTYPE_SUB;
-       g3->offset = pos - d->last_pos;
-       d->last_pos = pos;
-       glf3_write1(d->fp_glf, g3);
-       if (pos < d->len) {
-               if (proposed_indels)
-                       r = bam_maqindel(n, pos, d->ido, pu, d->ref, proposed_indels[0], proposed_indels+1);
-               else r = bam_maqindel(n, pos, d->ido, pu, d->ref, 0, 0);
        }
-       if (r) { // then write indel line
-               int het = 3 * n, min;
-               min = het;
-               if (min > r->gl[0]) min = r->gl[0];
-               if (min > r->gl[1]) min = r->gl[1];
-               g3->ref_base = 0;
-               g3->rtype = GLF3_RTYPE_INDEL;
-               memset(g3->lk, 0, 10);
-               g3->lk[0] = r->gl[0] - min < 255? r->gl[0] - min : 255;
-               g3->lk[1] = r->gl[1] - min < 255? r->gl[1] - min : 255;
-               g3->lk[2] = het - min < 255? het - min : 255;
-               g3->offset = 0;
-               g3->indel_len[0] = r->indel1;
-               g3->indel_len[1] = r->indel2;
-               g3->min_lk = min < 255? min : 255;
-               g3->max_len = (abs(r->indel1) > abs(r->indel2)? abs(r->indel1) : abs(r->indel2)) + 1;
-               g3->indel_seq[0] = strdup(r->s[0]+1);
-               g3->indel_seq[1] = strdup(r->s[1]+1);
-               glf3_write1(d->fp_glf, g3);
-               bam_maqindel_ret_destroy(r);
-       }
-       free(g);
-       glf3_destroy1(g3);
-       return 0;
 }
 
-static int pileup_func(uint32_t tid, uint32_t pos, int n, const bam_pileup1_t *pu, void *data)
+static int mpileup(mplp_conf_t *conf, int n, char **fn)
 {
-       pu_data_t *d = (pu_data_t*)data;
-       bam_maqindel_ret_t *r = 0;
-       int i, j, rb, rms_mapq = -1, *proposed_indels = 0;
-       uint64_t rms_aux;
-       uint32_t cns = 0;
+       extern void *bcf_call_add_rg(void *rghash, const char *hdtext, const char *list);
+       extern void bcf_call_del_rghash(void *rghash);
+       mplp_aux_t **data;
+       int i, tid, pos, *n_plp, tid0 = -1, beg0 = 0, end0 = 1u<<29, ref_len, ref_tid = -1, max_depth, max_indel_depth;
+       const bam_pileup1_t **plp;
+       bam_mplp_t iter;
+       bam_header_t *h = 0;
+       char *ref;
+       void *rghash = 0;
 
-       // if GLF is required, suppress -c completely
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_GLF) return glt3_func(tid, pos, n, pu, data);
-       // if d->hash is initialized, only output the sites in the hash table
-       if (d->hash) {
-               khint_t k = kh_get(64, d->hash, (uint64_t)tid<<32|pos);
-               if (k == kh_end(d->hash)) return 0;
-               proposed_indels = kh_val(d->hash, k);
-       }
-       // update d->ref if necessary
-       if (d->fai && (int)tid != d->tid) {
-               free(d->ref);
-               d->ref = fai_fetch(d->fai, d->h->target_name[tid], &d->len);
-               d->tid = tid;
-       }
-       rb = (d->ref && (int)pos < d->len)? d->ref[pos] : 'N';
-       // when the indel-only mode is asked for, return if no reads mapped with indels
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_INDEL_ONLY) {
-               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-                       if (pu[i].indel != 0) break;
-               if (i == n) return 0;
-       }
-       // call the consensus and indel
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_CNS) // call consensus
-               cns = bam_maqcns_call(n, pu, d->c);
-       if ((d->format & (BAM_PLF_CNS|BAM_PLF_INDEL_ONLY)) && d->ref && pos < d->len) { // call indels
-               if (proposed_indels) // the first element gives the size of the array
-                       r = bam_maqindel(n, pos, d->ido, pu, d->ref, proposed_indels[0], proposed_indels+1);
-               else r = bam_maqindel(n, pos, d->ido, pu, d->ref, 0, 0);
-       }
-       // when only variant sites are asked for, test if the site is a variant
-       if ((d->format & BAM_PLF_CNS) && (d->format & BAM_PLF_VAR_ONLY)) {
-               if (!(bam_nt16_table[rb] != 15 && cns>>28 != bam_nt16_table[rb])) { // not a SNP
-                       if (!(r && (r->gt == 2 || strcmp(r->s[r->gt], "*")))) { // not an indel
-                               if (r) bam_maqindel_ret_destroy(r);
-                               return 0;
+       bcf_callaux_t *bca = 0;
+       bcf_callret1_t *bcr = 0;
+       bcf_call_t bc;
+       bcf_t *bp = 0;
+       bcf_hdr_t *bh = 0;
+
+       bam_sample_t *sm = 0;
+       kstring_t buf;
+       mplp_pileup_t gplp;
+
+       memset(&gplp, 0, sizeof(mplp_pileup_t));
+       memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(kstring_t));
+       memset(&bc, 0, sizeof(bcf_call_t));
+       data = calloc(n, sizeof(void*));
+       plp = calloc(n, sizeof(void*));
+       n_plp = calloc(n, sizeof(int*));
+       sm = bam_smpl_init();
+
+       // read the header and initialize data
+       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               bam_header_t *h_tmp;
+               data[i] = calloc(1, sizeof(mplp_aux_t));
+               data[i]->fp = strcmp(fn[i], "-") == 0? bam_dopen(fileno(stdin), "r") : bam_open(fn[i], "r");
+               data[i]->conf = conf;
+               h_tmp = bam_header_read(data[i]->fp);
+               data[i]->h = i? h : h_tmp; // for i==0, "h" has not been set yet
+               bam_smpl_add(sm, fn[i], (conf->flag&MPLP_IGNORE_RG)? 0 : h_tmp->text);
+               rghash = bcf_call_add_rg(rghash, h_tmp->text, conf->pl_list);
+               if (conf->reg) {
+                       int beg, end;
+                       bam_index_t *idx;
+                       idx = bam_index_load(fn[i]);
+                       if (idx == 0) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "[%s] fail to load index for %d-th input.\n", __func__, i+1);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       if (bam_parse_region(h_tmp, conf->reg, &tid, &beg, &end) < 0) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "[%s] malformatted region or wrong seqname for %d-th input.\n", __func__, i+1);
+                               exit(1);
                        }
+                       if (i == 0) tid0 = tid, beg0 = beg, end0 = end;
+                       data[i]->iter = bam_iter_query(idx, tid, beg, end);
+                       bam_index_destroy(idx);
+               }
+               if (i == 0) h = h_tmp;
+               else {
+                       // FIXME: to check consistency
+                       bam_header_destroy(h_tmp);
                }
        }
-       // print the first 3 columns
-       printf("%s\t%d\t%c\t", d->h->target_name[tid], pos + 1, rb);
-       // print consensus information if required
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_CNS) {
-               int ref_q, rb4 = bam_nt16_table[rb];
-               ref_q = 0;
-               if (rb4 != 15 && cns>>28 != 15 && cns>>28 != rb4) { // a SNP
-                       ref_q = ((cns>>24&0xf) == rb4)? cns>>8&0xff : (cns>>8&0xff) + (cns&0xff);
-                       if (ref_q > 255) ref_q = 255;
+       gplp.n = sm->n;
+       gplp.n_plp = calloc(sm->n, sizeof(int));
+       gplp.m_plp = calloc(sm->n, sizeof(int));
+       gplp.plp = calloc(sm->n, sizeof(void*));
+
+       fprintf(stderr, "[%s] %d samples in %d input files\n", __func__, sm->n, n);
+       // write the VCF header
+       if (conf->flag & MPLP_GLF) {
+               kstring_t s;
+               bh = calloc(1, sizeof(bcf_hdr_t));
+               s.l = s.m = 0; s.s = 0;
+               bp = bcf_open("-", (conf->flag&MPLP_NO_COMP)? "wu" : "w");
+               for (i = 0; i < h->n_targets; ++i) {
+                       kputs(h->target_name[i], &s);
+                       kputc('\0', &s);
+               }
+               bh->l_nm = s.l;
+               bh->name = malloc(s.l);
+               memcpy(bh->name, s.s, s.l);
+               s.l = 0;
+               for (i = 0; i < sm->n; ++i) {
+                       kputs(sm->smpl[i], &s); kputc('\0', &s);
                }
-               rms_mapq = cns>>16&0xff;
-               printf("%c\t%d\t%d\t%d\t", bam_nt16_rev_table[cns>>28], cns>>8&0xff, ref_q, rms_mapq);
+               bh->l_smpl = s.l;
+               bh->sname = malloc(s.l);
+               memcpy(bh->sname, s.s, s.l);
+               bh->txt = malloc(strlen(BAM_VERSION) + 64);
+               bh->l_txt = 1 + sprintf(bh->txt, "##samtoolsVersion=%s\n", BAM_VERSION);
+               free(s.s);
+               bcf_hdr_sync(bh);
+               bcf_hdr_write(bp, bh);
+               bca = bcf_call_init(-1., conf->min_baseQ);
+               bcr = calloc(sm->n, sizeof(bcf_callret1_t));
+               bca->rghash = rghash;
+               bca->openQ = conf->openQ, bca->extQ = conf->extQ, bca->tandemQ = conf->tandemQ;
+               bca->min_frac = conf->min_frac;
+               bca->min_support = conf->min_support;
        }
-       // print pileup sequences
-       printf("%d\t", n);
-       rms_aux = 0; // we need to recalculate rms_mapq when -c is not flagged on the command line
-       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-               const bam_pileup1_t *p = pu + i;
-               int tmp = p->b->core.qual < d->c->cap_mapQ? p->b->core.qual : d->c->cap_mapQ;
-               rms_aux += tmp * tmp;
-               if (p->is_head) printf("^%c", p->b->core.qual > 93? 126 : p->b->core.qual + 33);
-               if (!p->is_del) {
-                       int c = bam_nt16_rev_table[bam1_seqi(bam1_seq(p->b), p->qpos)];
-                       if (c == '=' || toupper(c) == toupper(rb)) c = bam1_strand(p->b)? ',' : '.';
-                       else c = bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c);
-                       putchar(c);
-                       if (p->indel > 0) {
-                               printf("+%d", p->indel);
-                               for (j = 1; j <= p->indel; ++j) {
-                                       c = bam_nt16_rev_table[bam1_seqi(bam1_seq(p->b), p->qpos + j)];
-                                       putchar(bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c));
+       if (tid0 >= 0 && conf->fai) { // region is set
+               ref = faidx_fetch_seq(conf->fai, h->target_name[tid0], 0, 0x7fffffff, &ref_len);
+               ref_tid = tid0;
+               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) data[i]->ref = ref, data[i]->ref_id = tid0;
+       } else ref_tid = -1, ref = 0;
+       iter = bam_mplp_init(n, mplp_func, (void**)data);
+       max_depth = conf->max_depth;
+       if (max_depth * sm->n > 1<<20)
+               fprintf(stderr, "(%s) Max depth is above 1M. Potential memory hog!\n", __func__);
+       if (max_depth * sm->n < 8000) {
+               max_depth = 8000 / sm->n;
+               fprintf(stderr, "<%s> Set max per-file depth to %d\n", __func__, max_depth);
+       }
+       max_indel_depth = conf->max_indel_depth * sm->n;
+       bam_mplp_set_maxcnt(iter, max_depth);
+       while (bam_mplp_auto(iter, &tid, &pos, n_plp, plp) > 0) {
+               if (conf->reg && (pos < beg0 || pos >= end0)) continue; // out of the region requested
+               if (conf->bed && tid >= 0 && !bed_overlap(conf->bed, h->target_name[tid], pos, pos+1)) continue;
+               if (tid != ref_tid) {
+                       free(ref); ref = 0;
+                       if (conf->fai) ref = faidx_fetch_seq(conf->fai, h->target_name[tid], 0, 0x7fffffff, &ref_len);
+                       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) data[i]->ref = ref, data[i]->ref_id = tid;
+                       ref_tid = tid;
+               }
+               if (conf->flag & MPLP_GLF) {
+                       int total_depth, _ref0, ref16;
+                       bcf1_t *b = calloc(1, sizeof(bcf1_t));
+                       for (i = total_depth = 0; i < n; ++i) total_depth += n_plp[i];
+                       group_smpl(&gplp, sm, &buf, n, fn, n_plp, plp, conf->flag & MPLP_IGNORE_RG);
+                       _ref0 = (ref && pos < ref_len)? ref[pos] : 'N';
+                       ref16 = bam_nt16_table[_ref0];
+                       for (i = 0; i < gplp.n; ++i)
+                               bcf_call_glfgen(gplp.n_plp[i], gplp.plp[i], ref16, bca, bcr + i);
+                       bcf_call_combine(gplp.n, bcr, ref16, &bc);
+                       bcf_call2bcf(tid, pos, &bc, b, (conf->flag&(MPLP_FMT_DP|MPLP_FMT_SP))? bcr : 0,
+                                                (conf->flag&MPLP_FMT_SP), 0, 0);
+                       bcf_write(bp, bh, b);
+                       bcf_destroy(b);
+                       // call indels
+                       if (!(conf->flag&MPLP_NO_INDEL) && total_depth < max_indel_depth && bcf_call_gap_prep(gplp.n, gplp.n_plp, gplp.plp, pos, bca, ref, rghash) >= 0) {
+                               for (i = 0; i < gplp.n; ++i)
+                                       bcf_call_glfgen(gplp.n_plp[i], gplp.plp[i], -1, bca, bcr + i);
+                               if (bcf_call_combine(gplp.n, bcr, -1, &bc) >= 0) {
+                                       b = calloc(1, sizeof(bcf1_t));
+                                       bcf_call2bcf(tid, pos, &bc, b, (conf->flag&(MPLP_FMT_DP|MPLP_FMT_SP))? bcr : 0,
+                                                                (conf->flag&MPLP_FMT_SP), bca, ref);
+                                       bcf_write(bp, bh, b);
+                                       bcf_destroy(b);
                                }
-                       } else if (p->indel < 0) {
-                               printf("%d", p->indel);
-                               for (j = 1; j <= -p->indel; ++j) {
-                                       c = (d->ref && (int)pos+j < d->len)? d->ref[pos+j] : 'N';
-                                       putchar(bam1_strand(p->b)? tolower(c) : toupper(c));
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       printf("%s\t%d\t%c", h->target_name[tid], pos + 1, (ref && pos < ref_len)? ref[pos] : 'N');
+                       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                               int j;
+                               printf("\t%d\t", n_plp[i]);
+                               if (n_plp[i] == 0) {
+                                       printf("*\t*"); // FIXME: printf() is very slow...
+                                       if (conf->flag & MPLP_PRINT_POS) printf("\t*");
+                               } else {
+                                       for (j = 0; j < n_plp[i]; ++j)
+                                               pileup_seq(plp[i] + j, pos, ref_len, ref);
+                                       putchar('\t');
+                                       for (j = 0; j < n_plp[i]; ++j) {
+                                               const bam_pileup1_t *p = plp[i] + j;
+                                               int c = bam1_qual(p->b)[p->qpos] + 33;
+                                               if (c > 126) c = 126;
+                                               putchar(c);
+                                       }
+                                       if (conf->flag & MPLP_PRINT_MAPQ) {
+                                               putchar('\t');
+                                               for (j = 0; j < n_plp[i]; ++j) {
+                                                       int c = plp[i][j].b->core.qual + 33;
+                                                       if (c > 126) c = 126;
+                                                       putchar(c);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (conf->flag & MPLP_PRINT_POS) {
+                                               putchar('\t');
+                                               for (j = 0; j < n_plp[i]; ++j) {
+                                                       if (j > 0) putchar(',');
+                                                       printf("%d", plp[i][j].qpos + 1); // FIXME: printf() is very slow...
+                                               }
+                                       }
                                }
                        }
-               } else putchar('*');
-               if (p->is_tail) putchar('$');
-       }
-       // finalize rms_mapq
-       rms_aux = (uint64_t)(sqrt((double)rms_aux / n) + .499);
-       if (rms_mapq < 0) rms_mapq = rms_aux;
-       putchar('\t');
-       // print quality
-       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-               const bam_pileup1_t *p = pu + i;
-               int c = bam1_qual(p->b)[p->qpos] + 33;
-               if (c > 126) c = 126;
-               putchar(c);
-       }
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_2ND) { // print 2nd calls and qualities
-               const unsigned char *q;
-               putchar('\t');
-               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                       const bam_pileup1_t *p = pu + i;
-                       q = bam_aux_get(p->b, "E2");
-                       putchar(q? q[p->qpos + 1] : 'N');
-               }
-               putchar('\t');
-               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                       const bam_pileup1_t *p = pu + i;
-                       q = bam_aux_get(p->b, "U2");
-                       putchar(q? q[p->qpos + 1] : '!');
+                       putchar('\n');
                }
        }
-       // print mapping quality if -s is flagged on the command line
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_SIMPLE) {
-               putchar('\t');
-               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                       int c = pu[i].b->core.qual + 33;
-                       if (c > 126) c = 126;
-                       putchar(c);
-               }
-       }
-       putchar('\n');
-       // print the indel line if r has been calculated. This only happens if:
-       // a) -c or -i are flagged, AND b) the reference sequence is available
-       if (r) {
-               printf("%s\t%d\t*\t", d->h->target_name[tid], pos + 1);
-               if (r->gt < 2) printf("%s/%s\t", r->s[r->gt], r->s[r->gt]);
-               else printf("%s/%s\t", r->s[0], r->s[1]);
-               printf("%d\t%d\t", r->q_cns, r->q_ref);
-               printf("%d\t%d\t", rms_mapq, n);
-               printf("%s\t%s\t", r->s[0], r->s[1]);
-               //printf("%d\t%d\t", r->gl[0], r->gl[1]);
-               printf("%d\t%d\t%d\t", r->cnt1, r->cnt2, r->cnt_anti);
-               printf("%d\t%d\n", r->cnt_ref, r->cnt_ambi);
-               bam_maqindel_ret_destroy(r);
+
+       bcf_close(bp);
+       bam_smpl_destroy(sm); free(buf.s);
+       for (i = 0; i < gplp.n; ++i) free(gplp.plp[i]);
+       free(gplp.plp); free(gplp.n_plp); free(gplp.m_plp);
+       bcf_call_del_rghash(rghash);
+       bcf_hdr_destroy(bh); bcf_call_destroy(bca); free(bc.PL); free(bcr);
+       bam_mplp_destroy(iter);
+       bam_header_destroy(h);
+       for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+               bam_close(data[i]->fp);
+               if (data[i]->iter) bam_iter_destroy(data[i]->iter);
+               free(data[i]);
        }
+       free(data); free(plp); free(ref); free(n_plp);
        return 0;
 }
 
-int bam_pileup(int argc, char *argv[])
+#define MAX_PATH_LEN 1024
+static int read_file_list(const char *file_list,int *n,char **argv[])
 {
-       int c, is_SAM = 0;
-       char *fn_list = 0, *fn_fa = 0, *fn_pos = 0;
-       pu_data_t *d = (pu_data_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(pu_data_t));
-       d->tid = -1; d->mask = BAM_DEF_MASK;
-       d->c = bam_maqcns_init();
-       d->ido = bam_maqindel_opt_init();
-       while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "st:f:cT:N:r:l:im:gI:G:vM:S2a")) >= 0) {
+    char buf[MAX_PATH_LEN];
+    int len, nfiles;
+    char **files;
+
+    FILE *fh = fopen(file_list,"r");
+    if ( !fh )
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n", file_list,strerror(errno));
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // Speed is not an issue here, determine the number of files by reading the file twice
+    nfiles = 0;
+    while ( fgets(buf,MAX_PATH_LEN,fh) ) nfiles++;
+
+    if ( fseek(fh, 0L, SEEK_SET) )
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n", file_list,strerror(errno));
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    files = calloc(nfiles,sizeof(char*));
+    nfiles = 0;
+    while ( fgets(buf,MAX_PATH_LEN,fh) ) 
+    {
+        len = strlen(buf);
+        while ( len>0 && isspace(buf[len-1]) ) len--;
+        if ( !len ) continue;
+
+        files[nfiles] = malloc(sizeof(char)*(len+1)); 
+        strncpy(files[nfiles],buf,len);
+        files[nfiles][len] = 0;
+        nfiles++;
+    }
+    fclose(fh);
+    if ( !nfiles )
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr,"No files read from %s\n", file_list);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    *argv = files;
+    *n    = nfiles;
+    return 0;
+}
+#undef MAX_PATH_LEN
+
+int bam_mpileup(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+       int c;
+    const char *file_list = NULL;
+    char **fn = NULL;
+    int nfiles = 0, use_orphan = 0;
+       mplp_conf_t mplp;
+       memset(&mplp, 0, sizeof(mplp_conf_t));
+       #define MPLP_PRINT_POS 0x4000
+       mplp.max_mq = 60;
+       mplp.min_baseQ = 13;
+       mplp.capQ_thres = 0;
+       mplp.max_depth = 250; mplp.max_indel_depth = 250;
+       mplp.openQ = 40; mplp.extQ = 20; mplp.tandemQ = 100;
+       mplp.min_frac = 0.002; mplp.min_support = 1;
+       mplp.flag = MPLP_NO_ORPHAN | MPLP_REALN;
+       while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Agf:r:l:M:q:Q:uaRC:BDSd:L:b:P:o:e:h:Im:F:EG:6Os")) >= 0) {
                switch (c) {
-               case 'a': d->c->is_soap = 1; break;
-               case 's': d->format |= BAM_PLF_SIMPLE; break;
-               case 't': fn_list = strdup(optarg); break;
-               case 'l': fn_pos = strdup(optarg); break;
-               case 'f': fn_fa = strdup(optarg); break;
-               case 'T': d->c->theta = atof(optarg); break;
-               case 'N': d->c->n_hap = atoi(optarg); break;
-               case 'r': d->c->het_rate = atof(optarg); break;
-               case 'M': d->c->cap_mapQ = atoi(optarg); break;
-               case 'c': d->format |= BAM_PLF_CNS; break;
-               case 'i': d->format |= BAM_PLF_INDEL_ONLY; break;
-               case 'v': d->format |= BAM_PLF_VAR_ONLY; break;
-               case 'm': d->mask = strtol(optarg, 0, 0); break;
-               case 'g': d->format |= BAM_PLF_GLF; break;
-               case '2': d->format |= BAM_PLF_2ND; break;
-               case 'I': d->ido->q_indel = atoi(optarg); break;
-               case 'G': d->ido->r_indel = atof(optarg); break;
-               case 'S': is_SAM = 1; break;
-               default: fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognizd option '-%c'.\n", c); return 1;
+               case 'f':
+                       mplp.fai = fai_load(optarg);
+                       if (mplp.fai == 0) return 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'd': mplp.max_depth = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'r': mplp.reg = strdup(optarg); break;
+               case 'l': mplp.bed = bed_read(optarg); break;
+               case 'P': mplp.pl_list = strdup(optarg); break;
+               case 'g': mplp.flag |= MPLP_GLF; break;
+               case 'u': mplp.flag |= MPLP_NO_COMP | MPLP_GLF; break;
+               case 'a': mplp.flag |= MPLP_NO_ORPHAN | MPLP_REALN; break;
+               case 'B': mplp.flag &= ~MPLP_REALN; break;
+               case 'D': mplp.flag |= MPLP_FMT_DP; break;
+               case 'S': mplp.flag |= MPLP_FMT_SP; break;
+               case 'I': mplp.flag |= MPLP_NO_INDEL; break;
+               case 'E': mplp.flag |= MPLP_EXT_BAQ; break;
+               case '6': mplp.flag |= MPLP_ILLUMINA13; break;
+               case 'R': mplp.flag |= MPLP_IGNORE_RG; break;
+               case 's': mplp.flag |= MPLP_PRINT_MAPQ; break;
+               case 'O': mplp.flag |= MPLP_PRINT_POS; break;
+               case 'C': mplp.capQ_thres = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'M': mplp.max_mq = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'q': mplp.min_mq = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'Q': mplp.min_baseQ = atoi(optarg); break;
+        case 'b': file_list = optarg; break;
+               case 'o': mplp.openQ = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'e': mplp.extQ = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'h': mplp.tandemQ = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'A': use_orphan = 1; break;
+               case 'F': mplp.min_frac = atof(optarg); break;
+               case 'm': mplp.min_support = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'L': mplp.max_indel_depth = atoi(optarg); break;
+               case 'G': {
+                               FILE *fp_rg;
+                               char buf[1024];
+                               mplp.rghash = bcf_str2id_init();
+                               if ((fp_rg = fopen(optarg, "r")) == 0)
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "(%s) Fail to open file %s. Continue anyway.\n", __func__, optarg);
+                               while (!feof(fp_rg) && fscanf(fp_rg, "%s", buf) > 0) // this is not a good style, but forgive me...
+                                       bcf_str2id_add(mplp.rghash, strdup(buf));
+                               fclose(fp_rg);
+                       }
+                       break;
                }
        }
-       if (fn_list) is_SAM = 1;
-       if (optind == argc) {
+       if (use_orphan) mplp.flag &= ~MPLP_NO_ORPHAN;
+       if (argc == 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "Usage:  samtools pileup [options] <in.bam>|<in.sam>\n\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "Option: -s        simple (yet incomplete) pileup format\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -S        the input is in SAM\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -a        use the SOAPsnp model for SNP calling\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -2        output the 2nd best call and quality\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -i        only show lines/consensus with indels\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -m INT    filtering reads with bits in INT [%d]\n", d->mask);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -M INT    cap mapping quality at INT [%d]\n", d->c->cap_mapQ);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -t FILE   list of reference sequences (force -S)\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -l FILE   list of sites at which pileup is output\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -f FILE   reference sequence in the FASTA format\n\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -c        output the maq consensus sequence\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -v        print variants only (for -c)\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -g        output in the GLFv3 format (suppressing -c/-i/-s)\n");
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -T FLOAT  theta in maq consensus calling model (for -c/-g) [%f]\n", d->c->theta);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -N INT    number of haplotypes in the sample (for -c/-g) [%d]\n", d->c->n_hap);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -r FLOAT  prior of a difference between two haplotypes (for -c/-g) [%f]\n", d->c->het_rate);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -G FLOAT  prior of an indel between two haplotypes (for -c/-g) [%f]\n", d->ido->r_indel);
-               fprintf(stderr, "        -I INT    phred prob. of an indel in sequencing/prep. (for -c/-g) [%d]\n", d->ido->q_indel);
+               fprintf(stderr, "Usage: samtools mpileup [options] in1.bam [in2.bam [...]]\n\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "Input options:\n\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -6           assume the quality is in the Illumina-1.3+ encoding\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -A           count anomalous read pairs\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -B           disable BAQ computation\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -b FILE      list of input BAM files [null]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -C INT       parameter for adjusting mapQ; 0 to disable [0]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -d INT       max per-BAM depth to avoid excessive memory usage [%d]\n", mplp.max_depth);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -E           extended BAQ for higher sensitivity but lower specificity\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -f FILE      faidx indexed reference sequence file [null]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -G FILE      exclude read groups listed in FILE [null]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -l FILE      list of positions (chr pos) or regions (BED) [null]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -M INT       cap mapping quality at INT [%d]\n", mplp.max_mq);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -r STR       region in which pileup is generated [null]\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -R           ignore RG tags\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -q INT       skip alignments with mapQ smaller than INT [%d]\n", mplp.min_mq);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -Q INT       skip bases with baseQ/BAQ smaller than INT [%d]\n", mplp.min_baseQ);
+               fprintf(stderr, "\nOutput options:\n\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -D           output per-sample DP in BCF (require -g/-u)\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -g           generate BCF output (genotype likelihoods)\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -O           output base positions on reads (disabled by -g/-u)\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -s           output mapping quality (disabled by -g/-u)\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -S           output per-sample strand bias P-value in BCF (require -g/-u)\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -u           generate uncompress BCF output\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "\nSNP/INDEL genotype likelihoods options (effective with `-g' or `-u'):\n\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -e INT       Phred-scaled gap extension seq error probability [%d]\n", mplp.extQ);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -F FLOAT     minimum fraction of gapped reads for candidates [%g]\n", mplp.min_frac);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -h INT       coefficient for homopolymer errors [%d]\n", mplp.tandemQ);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -I           do not perform indel calling\n");
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -L INT       max per-sample depth for INDEL calling [%d]\n", mplp.max_indel_depth);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -m INT       minimum gapped reads for indel candidates [%d]\n", mplp.min_support);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -o INT       Phred-scaled gap open sequencing error probability [%d]\n", mplp.openQ);
+               fprintf(stderr, "       -P STR       comma separated list of platforms for indels [all]\n");
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-               free(fn_list); free(fn_fa); free(d);
+               fprintf(stderr, "Notes: Assuming diploid individuals.\n\n");
                return 1;
        }
-       if (fn_fa) d->fai = fai_load(fn_fa);
-       if (d->format & (BAM_PLF_CNS|BAM_PLF_GLF)) bam_maqcns_prepare(d->c); // consensus calling
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_GLF) { // for glf output
-               glf3_header_t *h;
-               h = glf3_header_init();
-               d->fp_glf = bgzf_fdopen(fileno(stdout), "w");
-               glf3_header_write(d->fp_glf, h);
-               glf3_header_destroy(h);
-       }
-       if (d->fai == 0 && (d->format & (BAM_PLF_CNS|BAM_PLF_INDEL_ONLY)))
-               fprintf(stderr, "[bam_pileup] indels will not be called when -f is absent.\n");
-       if (fn_fa && is_SAM && fn_list == 0) fn_list = samfaipath(fn_fa);
-
-       {
-               samfile_t *fp;
-               fp = is_SAM? samopen(argv[optind], "r", fn_list) : samopen(argv[optind], "rb", 0);
-               if (fp == 0 || fp->header == 0) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "[bam_pileup] fail to read the header: non-exisiting file or wrong format.\n");
-                       return 1;
-               }
-               d->h = fp->header;
-               if (fn_pos) d->hash = load_pos(fn_pos, d->h);
-               sampileup(fp, d->mask, pileup_func, d);
-               samclose(fp); // d->h will be destroyed here
-       }
-
-       // free
-       if (d->format & BAM_PLF_GLF) bgzf_close(d->fp_glf);
-       if (fn_pos) { // free the hash table
-               khint_t k;
-               for (k = kh_begin(d->hash); k < kh_end(d->hash); ++k)
-                       if (kh_exist(d->hash, k)) free(kh_val(d->hash, k));
-               kh_destroy(64, d->hash);
-       }
-       free(fn_pos); free(fn_list); free(fn_fa);
-       if (d->fai) fai_destroy(d->fai);
-       bam_maqcns_destroy(d->c);
-       free(d->ido); free(d->ref); free(d);
+    if (file_list) {
+        if ( read_file_list(file_list,&nfiles,&fn) ) return 1;
+        mpileup(&mplp,nfiles,fn);
+        for (c=0; c<nfiles; c++) free(fn[c]);
+        free(fn);
+    } else mpileup(&mplp, argc - optind, argv + optind);
+       if (mplp.rghash) bcf_str2id_thorough_destroy(mplp.rghash);
+       free(mplp.reg); free(mplp.pl_list);
+       if (mplp.fai) fai_destroy(mplp.fai);
+       if (mplp.bed) bed_destroy(mplp.bed);
        return 0;
 }