--- /dev/null
+#include "pysam.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "bam.h"
+#include "khash.h"
+typedef char *str_p;
+KHASH_MAP_INIT_STR(s, int)
+KHASH_MAP_INIT_STR(r2l, str_p)
+
+void bam_aux_append(bam1_t *b, const char tag[2], char type, int len, uint8_t *data)
+{
+ int ori_len = b->data_len;
+ b->data_len += 3 + len;
+ b->l_aux += 3 + len;
+ if (b->m_data < b->data_len) {
+ b->m_data = b->data_len;
+ kroundup32(b->m_data);
+ b->data = (uint8_t*)realloc(b->data, b->m_data);
+ }
+ b->data[ori_len] = tag[0]; b->data[ori_len + 1] = tag[1];
+ b->data[ori_len + 2] = type;
+ memcpy(b->data + ori_len + 3, data, len);
+}
+
+uint8_t *bam_aux_get_core(bam1_t *b, const char tag[2])
+{
+ return bam_aux_get(b, tag);
+}
+
+#define __skip_tag(s) do { \
+ int type = toupper(*(s)); \
+ ++(s); \
+ if (type == 'Z' || type == 'H') { while (*(s)) ++(s); ++(s); } \
+ else if (type == 'B') (s) += 5 + bam_aux_type2size(*(s)) * (*(int32_t*)((s)+1)); \
+ else (s) += bam_aux_type2size(type); \
+ } while(0)
+
+uint8_t *bam_aux_get(const bam1_t *b, const char tag[2])
+{
+ uint8_t *s;
+ int y = tag[0]<<8 | tag[1];
+ s = bam1_aux(b);
+ while (s < b->data + b->data_len) {
+ int x = (int)s[0]<<8 | s[1];
+ s += 2;
+ if (x == y) return s;
+ __skip_tag(s);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+// s MUST BE returned by bam_aux_get()
+int bam_aux_del(bam1_t *b, uint8_t *s)
+{
+ uint8_t *p, *aux;
+ aux = bam1_aux(b);
+ p = s - 2;
+ __skip_tag(s);
+ memmove(p, s, b->l_aux - (s - aux));
+ b->data_len -= s - p;
+ b->l_aux -= s - p;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void bam_init_header_hash(bam_header_t *header)
+{
+ if (header->hash == 0) {
+ int ret, i;
+ khiter_t iter;
+ khash_t(s) *h;
+ header->hash = h = kh_init(s);
+ for (i = 0; i < header->n_targets; ++i) {
+ iter = kh_put(s, h, header->target_name[i], &ret);
+ kh_value(h, iter) = i;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void bam_destroy_header_hash(bam_header_t *header)
+{
+ if (header->hash)
+ kh_destroy(s, (khash_t(s)*)header->hash);
+}
+
+int32_t bam_get_tid(const bam_header_t *header, const char *seq_name)
+{
+ khint_t k;
+ khash_t(s) *h = (khash_t(s)*)header->hash;
+ k = kh_get(s, h, seq_name);
+ return k == kh_end(h)? -1 : kh_value(h, k);
+}
+
+int bam_parse_region(bam_header_t *header, const char *str, int *ref_id, int *begin, int *end)
+{
+ char *s, *p;
+ int i, l, k;
+ khiter_t iter;
+ khash_t(s) *h;
+
+ bam_init_header_hash(header);
+ h = (khash_t(s)*)header->hash;
+
+ l = strlen(str);
+ p = s = (char*)malloc(l+1);
+ /* squeeze out "," */
+ for (i = k = 0; i != l; ++i)
+ if (str[i] != ',' && !isspace(str[i])) s[k++] = str[i];
+ s[k] = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i != k; ++i) if (s[i] == ':') break;
+ s[i] = 0;
+ iter = kh_get(s, h, s); /* get the ref_id */
+ if (iter == kh_end(h)) { // name not found
+ *ref_id = -1; free(s);
+ return -1;
+ }
+ *ref_id = kh_value(h, iter);
+ if (i == k) { /* dump the whole sequence */
+ *begin = 0; *end = 1<<29; free(s);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ for (p = s + i + 1; i != k; ++i) if (s[i] == '-') break;
+ *begin = atoi(p);
+ if (i < k) {
+ p = s + i + 1;
+ *end = atoi(p);
+ } else *end = 1<<29;
+ if (*begin > 0) --*begin;
+ free(s);
+ if (*begin > *end) {
+ fprintf(pysamerr, "[bam_parse_region] invalid region.\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t bam_aux2i(const uint8_t *s)
+{
+ int type;
+ if (s == 0) return 0;
+ type = *s++;
+ if (type == 'c') return (int32_t)*(int8_t*)s;
+ else if (type == 'C') return (int32_t)*(uint8_t*)s;
+ else if (type == 's') return (int32_t)*(int16_t*)s;
+ else if (type == 'S') return (int32_t)*(uint16_t*)s;
+ else if (type == 'i' || type == 'I') return *(int32_t*)s;
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+float bam_aux2f(const uint8_t *s)
+{
+ int type;
+ type = *s++;
+ if (s == 0) return 0.0;
+ if (type == 'f') return *(float*)s;
+ else return 0.0;
+}
+
+double bam_aux2d(const uint8_t *s)
+{
+ int type;
+ type = *s++;
+ if (s == 0) return 0.0;
+ if (type == 'd') return *(double*)s;
+ else return 0.0;
+}
+
+char bam_aux2A(const uint8_t *s)
+{
+ int type;
+ type = *s++;
+ if (s == 0) return 0;
+ if (type == 'A') return *(char*)s;
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+char *bam_aux2Z(const uint8_t *s)
+{
+ int type;
+ type = *s++;
+ if (s == 0) return 0;
+ if (type == 'Z' || type == 'H') return (char*)s;
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+double drand48()
+{
+ return (double)rand() / RAND_MAX;
+}
+#endif